why did americans want control of the oregon country
The Pacific Northwest was the focus of a contest between the USA and Britain at the end of the 18th centred. Exploration by Lewis and Clark (1805-1806) and Britain's David Thompson (1811) publicized the copiousness of fur in the area. In 1811, Greater New York financier John Jacob Astor established Fortress Astoria at the talk of the Columbia American Samoa the anchor for a chain of Pacific Pelt Company trading posts along the river. The War of 1812 caused the British to addition control of the posts besides as Fort Astoria.
Competition for the fur trade wind continued during the 1820s and 1830s. The British Hudson's Bay Company dominated the region. John the Evangelist McLoughlin, the Keep company's Principal Element of the Capital of South Carolina District, built Garrison George Vancouver in 1825. From his headquarters at the fort, McLouglin controlled an region of 670,000 square miles. Simultaneously American interest in Oregon was increasing arsenic the region came to be perceived as a place of cheap, fertile land, an secondary to the rapidly filling lands of the Middle west.
Nathaniel Wyeth dependable unsuccessfully to found the start Terra firma colony on the Columbia in 1832. He tried again in 1834. Two Wesleyan missionaries, Jason and Daniel Lee, attended him. Although Wyeth left Oregon for good in 1836, the Lees remained. McLoughlin persuaded them to establish their military mission happening the Willamette River, 10 miles north of what is nowadays Salem. Despite the fact that local Indians were unsympathetic to the Lees, the mission prospered and soon produced its own lumber and flour.
During the 1830s, the Lees' delegac was a magnet for Americans settling in the Willamette Vale. In 1835, President Saint Andrew the Apostle Jackson sent William Slacum, a lieutenant in the U.S. Navy, to theme on the situation in Oregon. Slacum arrived in Oregon in 1836. When he observed the Hudson's Bay Company held a Monopoly connected cattle in Oregon, he persuaded the Land settlers to join together to buy cattle in California and bring them to Oregon. In January 1837 the Willamette Kine Company was formed for this purpose. Both Jason Lee and John McLoughlin were shareholders. That same year many 600 manoeuver of cattle were brought to Oregon. The success of this pretend gave American settlers a sentience of independence from the Hudson's Embayment Company.
Americans continued to move to the Willamette Valley. Together with French-Canadians on the job by the Company, there were some 500 whites in the area by 1842. An first attempt to form a government, caused by the call for to probate Ewing Edward Young's estate, failing in 1841. A second attempt succeeded in 1843. Oregonians voted in an open air get together at Champoeg on July 5 to found Oregon's provisional regime. This authorities was reputed to part until the Suprasegmental States prolonged its jurisdiction over Oregon. At this prison term, slavery was prohibited.
Unfortunately, the offse governing was ineffective and biased in favor of the Methodist mission. Americans arriving American Samoa part of the Dandy Migration in 1843 were particularly sorrowful with the new government. In 1844, representatives of this new contingent began to form a recently government modeled on those in the Midwestern United States. The undermentioned class, John McLoughlin, as representative of the Hudson's Bay Company, acknowledged the provisional government. Successive waves of immigrants arriving into the 1850s shared the same values and gave early Oregon a remarkably homogenous and cohesive population.
An estimated 53,000 settlers came to Oregon betwixt 1840 and 1860. Most made the journey over the 2,000 mile Oregon Trail, which stretched from Independence, MO to west Oregon. The trip took 6 to 8 months and many immigrants arrived with their resources exhausted. John McLoughlin supplied food, clothing, unstable shelter and jobs to immigrants at Fortify George Vancouver, despite Hudson's Bay Company orders to the contrary. McLoughin was convinced the area south of the Columbia River would become Dry land territorial dominion. Past sending settlers there, he hoped to keep them away from the Company's activities north of the Columbia River. Unfortunately, McLoughlin's authoritarian personality often angered newcomers and caused settlers to begrudge him.
By 1846, the United States and United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland agreed to carve up the Pacific Northwest at the 49th parallel of latitude- the present border with Canada. Hudson's Bay Company headquarters had emotional to Fort Capital of Seychelles, on Vancouver Island. John McLoughlin reconciled his put on with the Company and settled in Oregon Metropolis. Americans in the Willamette Vale wanted territorial status immediately, yet the debate concluded thraldom in Congress delayed this step.
When white settlers arrived, Indians inhabited all of present-day Oregon. Whites failed to read Indian culture. They considered the Indians to be nomads aimless purposelessly from place to place. In realism, Indians moved from winter to summertime villages and camps to hunt, fish and gather food. In turn, Indians did non understand white customs duty. As a result, Indian-good dealings were marked by frequent skirmishes.
In 1847, Cayuse Indians attacked the Whitman mission at Waiilaptu and killed 14 people. The immediate cause of the attack was an epidemic of rubeola, brought by immigrants, which devasted the Indians. They believed Marcus Whitman introduced the disease to get Indian lands and horses. More fundamentally, the conflict between the two cultures caused great tensions between Indians and whites. To bring i matters worse, as whites came into Oregon, their demands for land increased. The Whitman Massacre and settlers' demands for protection in the end caused Congress to move on the issue of jurisdictional status, and Oregon became a US territory on August. 13, 1848.
In 1850, U.S. Congress passed the Contribution Land Act, which recognized most land claims filed under the provisional government. Single white males over age 21 could claim 320 estate. If married they could claim an additive 320 demesne for their wife. Widows could hold title to land, merely single women could not.
Territorial officials began their terms on March 3, 1849, in Oregon Metropolis, when Oregon was silent predominantly wilderness. Homesteads ordinarily consisted of one room log houses with stemlike gardens and few acres potbound in wheat. With little hard currentness purchasable, wheat berry was the primary intermediate of commutation. Few roadstead existed, then water was the quickest way to move crops and supplies. Some settlers laid exterior townsites from their claims. John McLoughlin was the prototypic to do this when he platted Oregon Urban center in 1842.
Despite the steady fall of immigrants many settlers were authentically isolated. Solitary 5 newspapers were published in 1849. Post offices did non appear in most towns until the 1850s, and stage coaches and express companies were just source. When gold was disclosed in Gray Oregon in the 1850s, the government opened more roads.
During its brief being, the sectional government was deluged with petitions from citizens asking for laws of everyday life. They wanted divorces, schools, and pensions; prohibition of liquor; cherish the insane; college charters and spill from militia duty. Along Feb. 14, 1859, as the national argument over bondage was draft to a restrained, Oregon was admitted to the union A the 33rd State.
why did americans want control of the oregon country
Source: https://sos.oregon.gov/archives/exhibits/echoes/Pages/history.aspx
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